It has become known whether an employer is obliged to pay a "thirteenth salary".
Payment of an annual bonus, often called the thirteenth salary, is not mandatory for all employers. As explained by the head of the legal practice at SuperJob, Alexander Yuzhalin, it all depends on the sector the organization belongs to and the company’s internal documents.
If the employer is in the public (budgetary) sector, the procedure and amount of bonus payments are determined by specific regulatory acts. If the annual bonus is provided for by law, the employer must pay it in the prescribed amount.
In commercial organizations the situation is different. Under labor law, bonuses are not considered a guaranteed part of wages. The employer has the right to independently set the pay system, including determining types of bonuses, the conditions for receiving them, and their amounts. These rules are set out in local regulatory acts and may also be stipulated in the employment or collective agreement.
“If the payment of an annual bonus is not provided for either in the employment contract or in local acts, the employer has the right not to pay it, and this will not be a violation of the law,” Yuzhalin noted.
The amount of an annual bonus in commercial organizations is also not limited by law: it can equal one or several monthly salaries, be fixed, or not depend on the salary at all.
Moreover, from September 1, 2025 a new rule appeared in the Labor Code: if the amount of a bonus depends on the presence of disciplinary sanctions, the employer has the right to reduce it. However, the reduction must not lead to a decrease in the employee’s monthly wage by more than 20%.
The timing of payment of an annual bonus depends on its type and is specified in the company’s internal documents. Fixed bonuses are often paid together with the December salary, while year-end performance bonuses are paid after results are tallied, often in February or later.
The expert advises employees to carefully study their employment contract and the company’s local regulations to understand whether they can count on an annual bonus and in what amount.
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It has become known whether an employer is obliged to pay a "thirteenth salary".
At the end of the year many employees count on an annual bonus, but not all receive one. A lawyer explained when an employer is obliged to pay the so‑called thirteenth salary and when it is merely at the employer's discretion.